A PAPER ABOUT KALIMANTAN (BORNEO)
I.
INTRODUCTION
Kalimantan or Borneo (743.330
Km²) is the biggest island in Indonesia as well the third largest island
in the world, after Greenland (2.175.600 Km²)
and Papua (890.000 Km²). It is located to
the north of Java, to the east of Selat Malaka, to the south of Philippine and
to the west of Celebes. Borneo is divided into three country, which 73 % for
Indonesia, 26 % for Malay, and 1 % for Brunei. In general, “Kalimantan”
included all part of Borneo but in this case, Kalimantan that we’ll discuss
refers only to Indonesia’s regions.
Borneo in Indonesia’s region is divided into five Province. According to
the birth of each province, they are as follow:
·
South Borneo which Banjarmasin as its capital city
·
West Borneo which Pontianak as its capital city
·
East Borneo which Samarinda as its capital city
·
Central Borneo which Palangkaraya as its capital city
·
North Borneo which Tanjung Selor as its capital city
II.
DISCUSSION
A.
SOUTH BORNEO (BANJARMASIN)
1.
Culture-General Information
a.
Tourism Object
1)
Kuin Floating Market
Kuin Floating Market located in Jl. Kuin
Utara, Kel. Kuin Selatan, Kec. Banjarmasin Barat, Kota Banjarmasin, Kalimantan
Selatan. The
market began at 5 am until the sunset or around a half past 7 pm. To walk
around this market we can rent a boat with the cheap cost. By visiting this
market, we also can see another sight nearby such the beauty of the river and
the bridge Barito and Masjid Suriansyah Sultan.
2)
Kembang Island
Kembang
Island is a national park with wide 60 Ha. The island is administratively
included in the subdistrict Alalak, Barito Kuala. To get there we can through
Banjarmasin city because of its location, is closer. The unique from this
island is the inhabitants are not human beings, but rather long-tailed macaques
and proboscis monkey, but to bekantan have rarely encountered here, which is
often seen is hundreds or even thousands of monkeys who daily play here.
3)
Museum
Wasaka
Wasaka Museum is located on the outskirts of the river
Martapura, Gang H. Andir, Kenanga Ulu village, political distrik Jingah River,
Banjarmasin city. To get to this museum, we could be by land or river
Martapura. The museum contents are, among others, logos or emblems 13 districts
in South Kalimantan, images of the past, the photograph of official governor
who has served since 1953 until now, caricatures of people's struggle South
Kalimantan, historical objects such as a table and chair guests of ironwood and
rattan, firearms ex VOC, traditional weapons, a dagger, a pointed bamboo,
typewriters, uniforms, some fashion models in doeloe age, and many others.
b.
Traditional Food and cake
1)
Soto Banjar
Soto banjar is the
most famous food in South Kalimantan. Soto banjar is a soup made of chicken as
a main ingredient, and various spices such as onion, garlic, caraway, fennel,
and cinnamon. In addition, the juice of lime makes the culinary offerings of
this one has a taste so fresh. It is Very suitable as a lunch dish.
2) Ganan Humbut
The food is
traditional vegetable of Kalimantan which has a sweet flavour. This food is
made by pieces of beef rib and bamboo shoots which then processed together with
typical spices. The dish is usually presented at the ceremony to culture and
society weddings in South Kalimantan.
3) Amparan Tatak
Amparan Tatak
is a proper name for one type of cake or snacks South Kalimantan. This unique
cake made of rice flour mixed with coconut milk and bananas. The Mixing creates
a very savory taste, sweet and delicious.
4) Kue Bingka
Bingka cake comes from Banjar
tribe and made of several materials such as eggs, flour, sugar, coconut milk,
and salt. This cake is also made in some variety of flavours, ranging from
potatoes, pumpkin, pandanus and others. This cake is a typical cake that is
often present in traditional ceremonies banjar society. However, this cake can
also be purchased in an ordinary day.
c.
Souvenir
1)
Kain Sasirangan
Cain Sasirangan is the traditional fabric of
the city of Banjarmasin. Sasirangan fabric is actually a fabric that is used
only when there is a custom event. But with the changing times, many people are
interested in the motives of the fabric Sasirangan then makes this fabric
become one of the coveted tourists who come to Banjarmasin city. Kain
sasirangan made of cotton reaches 85.000-90.000
Rupiah per two metres. Other is made of silk with the cost reaches 250.000
Rupiah.
2)
Batu Mulia
Banjarmasin is one
city that became a source of precious stones. You can find various kinds of
precious stones from the price of the cheapest to the most expensive price that
could reach hundreds of millions of rupiah. The cheapest cost could be Rp 50.000
and might change depend on kind of the stone.
2.
Culture-Specific Information
1)
Greeting
Greeting that common use in Banjar people is
"Busu" which applies to all people who are considered old enough age,
both men and women. For instance, “Su Amat” (abbreviation of Busu amat).
Furthermore, greeting "Utuh" refers to the
child - the child or adolescent boys Upper River region, while the greeting
"Nanang" is used in Banjarmasin and surrounding areas. Usually
"utuh" and "Nanang" are shortened to "tuh" and
"nang" or "su anang".
Greetings for girls or girls used the word 'galuh
"or" Aluh ", usually abbreviated as" luh ". While some
upstream areas use 'Diang "or" idang ".
2)
Some of Pamali or the things we must avoid
doing In Banjar Belief
Ø
Do not sleep facing the Qiblah, because it would be a
great sin.
Ø
Do not take pictures threes, then the person in the
middle will first die
Ø Do not oversleep, or
you will not get sustenance
Ø Do not eat the fruit
that grows in the cemetery, because that is the same as eating the fruit of a
deceased person
B.
WEST BORNEO-PONTIANAK
1.
Culture-General Information
a.
Tourism Object
1)
Equator Monument
West Kalimantan
is one of the provinces which passed by the equator precisely at its capital
city, Pontianak. To strengthen the predicate as the Equator city, Pontianak
established a monument right in locations suspected as the midline of the
earth. The location is about 3 km from the centre of Pontianak, precisely in
the way the Equator. The right time to visit this monument was on March 21 to
23 or 21 to 23 September. At that time, there was a natural phenomenon where
the sun was directly above the equator so that all the objects that are above
this line will not have a shadow.
2) Sungai
Kapuas
West Kalimantan province is also known as
"Thousand Rivers". Nickname is in line with the geographical
conditions that have hundreds of rivers. Kapuas river, for example, as the
longest river in Indonesia, became one of the sights are strongly advised to visit
because this river is like the lifeline of the people of West Kalimantan, so if
you explore this river, then you will get to know the lives of the people in
this province. This could begin to explore the river by boat for 45 minutes
travel in Pontianak city, to rent a traditional boat that will take you to
explore this river until its upper course in the Kapuas Hulu Regency.
3) Gunung Palung National Park
West Kalimantan is a province that is still famous for
the diversity of flora and fauna. They can be found in the National Park
Mountain Trench (TNGP). GPNP is a national park located in Ketapang, West
Kalimantan, about 30 minutes from Pontianak. Vast of this national park is
90,000 hectares and home for around 2,200 orangutans.
b.
Food, Drink and Cake
1) Dish of Burung Punai or pigeon
Pigeon is a bird species like the dove, green
and reddish beak. The birds usually caught with netted and are found in
Pontianak and Mempawah Area. The food is usually prepared by frying or burned
2) Sotong Pangkong
Sotong Pangkong is one of the
traditional foods on Pontianak that appeared during Ramadan. Sotong Pangkong
itself is made of squid that has been dried and then cooked by roasted. Once
baked, it will be pounded so that the meat more tender then it sauce served
with peanut sauce or spicy sour sweet.
3)
Es lidah Buaya
Pontianak makes
aloe vera as one of its flagship commodities. No wonder if in this town you can
find a variety of processed foods made from aloe vera, starting from dodol,
crackers, candies, until syrup is also available. But one that must to be
tasted is the Lidah Buaya ice. It is very suitable to drink it in the hot
weather.
4)
Chai Kue
Chai Kue is a
typical food from Pontianak and classified as traditional cakes. Chai means
vegetable. This cake is stuffed with vegetables. To cook it, can be fried or
steamed. This cake made of rice flour mixed with tapioca starch, and then
formed as a skin to wrap its contents. Its filling can vary such as chives,
yam, taro, soybeans, even bamboo shoots.
c.
Souvenir
1)
Batik
Batik
There are many outlet stands along the Pattimura
streets in Pontianak city which provide and sell this typical Daya batik. Batik fabrics made of cotton cost is 50.000 Rupiah per
meter, and silk batik is 85.000 rupiah per meter.
Others batik has vary cost depends on its motif and design.
2)
Lempok Durian
Lempok durian
from Pontianak city is almost similar to dodol. The price starts from Rp.
50.000 - Rp. 150.000.
2.
Culture-Specific Information
a.
Saprahan Tradition
Indigenous saprahan is customary eat together sitting
on the floor by the community of Malay Pontianak in various events such as
weddings, circumcisions, and other celebration event. There is a lot of
philosophy embodied in the culture of eating saprahan. For example in terms of
ethics, i.e. to respect elders, respect the leader or respected person. There
was also a sense of kinship and togetherness united in the saprahan tradition.
b.
Sambas Tradition
Sambas is a name of one region in West Borne. It is
located around 315 KM from capital city of West Borneo, Pontianak, and it could
be reached by using bus or motorcycles in 5-6 hours. The
things we must avoid in this place are some as follow:
Ø
Do not lie and lean on hand. Lying with leaning on
hand means when we lie down, our body was resting on one hand, on his side
(left or right). And if we do this prohibition, it will cause the ear cannot
hear the truth, i.e. when the person will die, he will not be able to follow
the people who led him to say kalimat tauhid.
Ø
Whistling in the house is strictly prohibited, because
it is believed to cause misfortune, and away from getting livelihood.
Ø
Came into touch to the broom of sweeper, that’s when
other people are being swept up, if the broom touches us on the feet or other
body, it will lead to disaster and bad luck. For example, if he works using
sharp weapons. So, the sharp weapons will injure him. Or if he went to sea,
then he will be struck by a crocodile. However calamity and misfortune can be
prevented by immediately spit on that broom.
C.
EAST BORNEO-SAMARINDA
1.
Cuture – General Information
a.
Tourism Object
1)
Beras Basah Island
Pulau Beras Basah located in
Bontang, East Kalimantan, precisely in the Makassar Strait. It takes about 3
hours from Samarinda to achieve these sights. The duration of the trip will be
paid when you see for yourself the beauty of Pulau Beras Basah.
The scenery of
white sand and clear blue water will make you forget the long trip to get here.
You will also be greeted by a tall lighthouse that has been unused. The beauty
of the island is not only limited to the white sand and panoramic beaches,
underwater Pulau Beras Basah can not be missed.
2)
Labuan Cermin Lake
Labuan Mirror Lake is a lake
located in the district of the Big Dipper Big Dipper, Berau. To reach this
lake, you can do a flight with destination Balikpapan then headed Kalimarau
service Berau. Later arrive at the airport you can use the traveling server
directly to the location to Labuan Lake Mirror. The journey from the airport to
the location takes approximately 6 hours drive.
The lake is
famous for its water clarity is very clear. Even when there are objects above
the lake it looks like on the glass, twigs and branches that appear at the
bottom of the lake can be seen very clearly. Besides the lake is also known by
the lake two flavors for On the top surface of the lake water tasted fresh, but
when diving at the bottom of the lake, its water began to taste salty. In order
to explore this lake, we could do so by renting a boat with Rp. 100,000 /
person. The price may change at any time.
3)
Masjid Islamic Center Samarinda
The mosque is located in the
Village of Gulf Lerong Ulu, Samarinda. Built in 2001 and inaugurated in 2008,
Masjid Islamic Center became one of the religious tourist places most visited
in the city. Mosque architecture is inspired by the Hagia Sophia in Turkey, for
example, on the size of the patterned dome. The mosque has a 99-meter main
tower adapted to the Divine Name, and six towers with shorter size which
symbolizes the pillars of faith. In addition, the stairs to the main floor of
the mosque amounted to 33 pieces, the same number as rosary beads.
b.
Traditional Food
1)
Ayam Cincane
Is one
of the city's culinary samarinda is a mainstay there. Usually by people
samarinda, cicane chicken is used as the main course at organizing weddings and
events - other events. The hallmark of chicken seasoning cincane are reddish.
If you want to taste, chicken cincane can be found at some restaurant or
tavern.
2)
Nasi Bakepor
The composition of rice bekepor is composed of liwet rice
mixed with pieces of dried fish, spices - spices and vegetable oil. In the
presentation bekepor rice is usually paired with a scorched-earth cooking meat
and vegetable gangan Kukar acid as the extra side dishes. Explanation of
vegetable gangan Kukar acid, is a kind of sour vegetable cooked with a mixture
in which the head of the fish and sweet potatoes.
3)
Nasi Kuning
Food typically owned in East Kalimantan one of which is
the yellow rice. It is made from rice cooked with coconut milk spices - spices
and including turmeric. Condiments - herbs and coconut milk is added it makes
the rice yellow color and more savory tasted than white rice. Usually served as
a cone of yellow rice and accompanied by various side dishes
4)
Amplang
Is a kind of crackers snack with a
unique shape which resembling a tiger’s nail. One ingredient of amplang is
marine fish. The savory fish taste makes amplang many people to be hunted by
the - by the family or just a snack at home.
c.
Souvenir
1)
Gula Gait
Gula gait is
typical snacks from Samarinda that is made from a blend of brown sugar and
white sugar. What makes it interesting is the gait of the sugar manufacturing
process that requires effort and a long time to produce snacks with the taste
of this legit. Shape that resembles a timber made sugar look increasingly
attractive gait
2)
Mantau
Mantau
Mantau is one
of the souvenirs that can be obtained in the city of Aberdeen. Indeed, mantau
is one type of food that comes from China. However, it is also be monitoring
the food consumed by many people Balikpapan. To be able to get souvenirs
typical of East Kalimantan this one was fairly easy. The place is very well
known to be a typical mantau memperleh Balikpapan is monitoring the cottage.
Here, a traveler can get a box mantau at a price of 60 thousand rupiah.
2.
Culture – Specific Information
-
Wedding Ceremony Dayak Kenyah
Along with the current modernization, the traditions and
culture began masked sometimes ouforia labeled eroded even modern. It would
also override the Dayak community, especially those who have lived the cities.
Most of them actually have to leave tradition.
Culture Village is where the existence of Pampang becomes
extremely important and central as the Heritage Village Dayak Kenyah tribe. In
this place with all the simplicity dayak Kenyah communities struggling to
maintain tradition and culture. In addition to arts attractions routinely
conducted every day of the week, every wedding, will always be closed with the
customary marriage rites.
Traditional wedding event is still considered important
by the citizens Pampang to maintain ancestral traditions. Usually in the
Wedding Ceremony will be preceded by the bride’s house in the form of the
procession to the Lamin (Long House where traditional marriage ceremony).
Arriving in front of the Lamin will be greeted by an array of dancers and
tribal elders, to be entered Lamin welcoming ritual as a condition for the
event can go well and smoothly. After that the bride would be led into the Hall
Lamin up to attend summit customary marriage rites. Marriage custom event will
be led by Tribal Elders.
After the ritual finished, the event will end with a
dance attractions. Here the bride and the bridegroom’s family is required to
contribute a dance as a form of joy. After the dance is complete then the bride
would be led back to the house.
D.
CENTRAL BORNEO-PALANGKARAYA
1.
Culture – General Information
a.
Tourism Object
1)
Bukit Raya National Park
If one among us who love the animal world, this national
park is the best destination when we visiting Palangkaraya. Here we can find
many kinds of endemic animals such as monkeys, baung Adung, Seluang fish, and
many other animal collections.
2)
Nyaru Menteng Arboretum
Nyaru Menteng
Arboretum is an area of tropical rain forest in Central Kalimantan which
saves a lot of unique species of flora and fauna. This forest area of about
65.2 hectares and is located in Rubuh Tahay district, Palangkaraya (Km 28 of
Palangkaraya towards Katingan).
3)
Lake Tahai
Lake Tahai is lake of peat water located in the city
center Palangkaraya. The specialty of this lake is available here on the wooden
bridge made crossing the middle of the lake so that visitors can enjoy the
beauty of the lake without having to worry about the wet peat.
b.
Traditional Food
1)
Kalumpe
Kalumpe is
healthy culinary offerings of the Dayak tribe in Palangkaraya. Kalumpe commonly
known also as karuang. Kalumpe only use cassava leaves as the main ingredient.
Mashed cassava leaves until smooth, then add the cassava leaves with small
eggplant or aubergine sparrow as a complement.
2)
Umbut Rotan
Umbut Rotan is the
food of Central Kalimantan, which is fairly unique. The food is made of rattan
as the main ingredient of this menu. The skin of rattan and wicker disposed cut
into small pieces and cooked with a mixture of eggplant and fish baung umbut
Rattan also known as the name "uwut nang'e".
3)
Wadi
Wadi
Wadi is a typical food of Central Kalimantan. The food
is made from fish meat or pork, but the usually use fish meat. The cleaned fish
meat mixed with salt and allowed to stand for 10 hours and then dried and mixed
back in with the seasoning made of white glutinous rice and stored in a place
that is airtight like a jar, or a glass box up to 5 days. Only after that the
fish meat can be processed by frying.
c.
Souvenir
1)
Batik Benang Bintik ( A Typical Batik of
Central Borneo)
Naming
batik is taken from the word "thread" which means a strand of white
cloth. While the word "freckle" means designs applied on cloth
"thread" is. Batik benang bintik’s special value lies in a wide spot
motif to mirror the cultural uniqueness of the native tribes of Central Borneo,
Dayak tribe. The embodiment design is inspired by the paintings or carvings are
often used Dayak bygone era when performing a ritual or ceremonial. Such
fabrics can be directly found by visiting the store that is quite famous in
Palangkaraya owned by Ms. Husniya. Lestari Indah store located at Jl. Rajawali
KM 5.5, and at Jl. RTA Milono Palangkaraya. These spots a piece of yarn
appreciated from 120.000 - to 800.000 Rupiah, it depending on the materials and
techniques of batik.
2)
Kalakai Chips
Kalakai
(Stenochlaena palustris) is a type of fern that were encountered in the
Kalimantan region, especially in the area of Palangkaraya. There are few
places that provide this kind of chips but to easing you get these chip, you
can come directly to the address Jl. Simpang Mentaya RT 02/02 No. 21
Palangkaraya, Jekan Raya, Palangkaraya, Central Borneo.
1.
Culture – Specific Information
a.
Customary law of Sihala
Ø Sihala is a Dayak
Ma'anyan which controls the life of someone in the association in the
community. For example: If there were two young couples who have tied a
conjugal relationship being alone in the dark and quiet it will be subject
SIHALA. They will be taken to the village hall and were married by custom
there. If there are two young people who
have not in conjugal relationship caught to have sex, then they will be brought
to the village hall sihala charged with being paraded around the village
without wearing clothes (naked). By mated and paraded around the village they
pay polluted the good name of the village, and also so the couple realized they
had dropped their dignity in the face of society, and it is also an example for
other communities that do not behave like that.
b.
Festival of
Isen Mulang culture
Ø This festival held as
a form of government and public appreciation of inheritance culture from the
past and it is held every April. The festival featured various traditional
competitions such as traditional dance, Karungut, Malamang, Mangenta,
traditional cuisine, Dayak ornament painting, martial arts of Lawang Sakepeng and
the selection of Tourism Princess and Prince.
E.
NORTH BORNEO - TANJUNG SELOR
1.
Culture – General information
a.
Tourism Object
1)
Inhutani Nursery
This location is a place to enjoy the beauty of nature
with a view of tall trees and shade. This location is located in the Land of
North Borneo Tidung. At this location is perfect to relieve fatigue work to
enjoy unspoiled nature and fresh.
2)
Pantai Batu Lamapu
Pantai
Batu Lamapu has become an interesting tourist attraction and worth to be
visited by tourists who come to North Borneo. This beach is located in an area
Sebatik Island, Nunukan. The beach is called lamapu stone because when water
recedes it will cause the rock called Lamapu appear.
3)
Natural
hot water Semolon bathing
Natural
hot water Semolon bathing
The location of this hot water is in the paking
village, Mentarang subdistrict, Malinau regency, North Borneo. Semolon hot
water is flowing water that is so warm and clear which is believed to energise
and heal the itchy skin disease and other diseases, the natural beauty of these
places so original, beautiful and lush unspoiled by anyone.
b.
Traditional Food
1)
Lawa
Lawa is
one of the typical cuisine of North Borneo were a very well known and loved by
the people of North Borneo. This meal is a typical food from Bulungan Kingdom,
one of Kingdom in the area of North Borneo. The food is based on some
vegetable ingredients such as cucumber or seaweed. That Staple then mixed and
spiced roasted coconut and prawns. King prawns or shrimp is a shrimp that has a
great size, very often encountered in wailayah Kalimantan.
2)
Tumis Kapah
Kapah itself is a traditional food that is a favorite
in the town of Tarakan. The Kapah itself is one type of sea shells that were
encountered in Tarakan.
3)
Nasi Subut
Rice subut is a
traditional food that comes from the Tana Tidung district. The unique
characteristic of rice subut is not white like rice in general, but purple. It
is made from corn, rice, and sweet potatoes are purple. As for the food
manufacturing process is not too difficult, as usual boiled rice, and sweet
potatoes diced and boiled or steamed together corn kernels. The three materials
are then mixed and a little salt and flavouring.
c. Clothes
Traditional Clothes
of North Borneo is Ta'a and Sapei Sapaq. Ta'a is the special traditional
clothing worn by the women Dayak in Kalimantan, Whereas Sapei Sapaq is
traditional dresses that are intended for men. Custom clothing North Borneo is
almost similar to the traditional dress in East Borneo. Because of this
province used to be included into the province of East Kalimantan so for tribes
and its culture was similar to East Borneo.
2.
Culture –
Specific Information
Ø
Bulungan is one
of the regencies in North Borneo. In this district is famous for Birau
celebration, that party held royally by the entire community. Everyone rejoices
in celebration. Birau celebration is originally implemented in the Sultanate of
Bulungan to commemorate the celebration of circumcision king’s child. In an
effort to preserve the customs, celebrations Birau continue to be held. It then
now becomes one of the government official agenda in Bulungan district which
held every year on 12 October.
III. CONCLUTION AND SUGESTION
A. CONCLUSION
According to the discussion part, the following are
some risult of these paper:
-
South Borneo has tourism object like Kuin Floating Market, Kembang Island, and Museum
Wasaka. It traditional food are Soto
Banjar, Ganan Humbut , Amparan Tatak, and Kue Bingka
-
West Borneo has
tourism object like Equator Monument, Sungai Kapuas, and Gunung Palung National Park. It traditional are Dish of Burung
Punai or pigeon, Sotong
Pangkong, and Chai Kue
-
East Borneo has tourism object like Beras
Basah Island, Labuan Cermin
Lake, Masjid Islamic Center Samarinda. It traditional food are Ayam
Cincane, Nasi Bakepor, Nasi
Kuning and Amplang
-
Central Borneo has tourism object like Bukit Raya National Park, Nyaru Menteng Arboretum and Lake Tahai. It traditional
food are Kalumpe, Umbut Rotan, and Wadi.
-
North Borneo has tourism object like, Inhutani Nursery,
Pantai Batu Lamapu and Natural hot water Semolon bathing. It traditional food are
Lawa, Tumis Kapah and Nasi Subut
B. SUGGESTION
So that we can
say about the matter been discussed in this paper, of course, many shortcomings
and weaknesses because they lack knowledge of the lack of references or
references that we get to do with this paper Writer much looking forward to the
dear readers critique constructive suggestions to us in perfect This paper.
Hopefully this paper can be useful for the reader writer specifically to the
author. Aamiin
References :
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